Valve



May 13', 1941. w ERNST 2,241,545

VALVE Original Filed Aug. 5, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jmmm WALTER ERNST,

May 13, 1941. N T 2,241,545

VALVE Original Filed Aug. 5, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Arromvsvs May 13, 1941. w. ERNST 2,241,545

' VALVE Original Filed Aug. 5, i935 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 206 I 0 I72 J6 was I I63 I66 118 H l I641?! ,1 W6 73/80 74 164 I 167 177 79 F I JD.

WAAI'II? E/PMS 7' 5% sww-m ATTORNEYS May 13, 1941. w ERNST 2,241,545

VALVE Original Filed Aug. 5, 1935 I67 I53 166 lB A TTORNEYS s Sheets-Sheet s Patented May 13, 1941 VALVE Walter Ernst, Mount Gilead, Ohio, assignor to The Hydraulic Press Corp. Inc., Wilmington,

Del., a corporation of Delaware Original application Au gust 5, 1935, Serial No. 34,652, now Patent No. 2,190,939, dated February 20, 1940. Divided and this application January 15, 1938, Serial No. 185,183

8 Claims.

This invention relates to hydraulic machinery,

and in particular, to valves for controllingv hydraulic machinery, such as presses.

One object of this invention is to provide a valve for controlling hydraulic machinery, such as a press, this valve being arranged to by-pass the delivery of the pump automatically until pressure has been released from the main cylinder, after which the valve automatically shifts to apply the delivery of the pump to the platen returning cylinders, or to the return side of the double-acting main plunger.

Another object is to provide a four-way valve for controlling a hydraulic press,,this valve having an automatic by-pass arrangement for automatically by-passing the delivery-of the pump at the instant of reversal of the press so as to release the pressure from the main cylinder to a predetermined extent, and thereafter to automatically apply the delivery of pressure fluid from the pump to the platen returning devices, such as either to pull-back cylinders or to the return side of the main plunger, if a doubleacting main plunger ,is employed.

This is a division of my copending application,

Ser. No. 34,652, filed August 5, 1935, now Patent In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view, partly in section, showing the principal elements of a typical circuit with which the valve of the'present invention i adapted to be used.

Figure 2 is a horizontal section through the control valve of this invention, taken along the line 2-2 in Figure 1, and showing the valve in its first position for causing a forward movement of the press.

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, but with the valve in its second position, i. e. during the pressing op ration,

Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 2, but with the valve in its third position, i. e. during the interval between the forward and return strokes of the press and while the pump discharge is being by-passed during the release of pressure from the main cylinder.

Figure 5 is a view similar a Figure 2, he with the valve in its fourth position, i. e. during'the return troke of the press.

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 2, but with the valve in its fifth position, i. e. while the press is idle at the top of its return stroke.

Figure 7 is an end elevation of the valve shown inl 'lguresztofi. I

Figure 8 is a vertical section along the line 8-9 in Figure 2. V

Figure 9 is a vertical section along the line 9-9' in Figure 2.

Figure 10 is a vertical section along the line Ill-l0 of Figure 5.

Figure 11 is a top plan view of the valve shown in Figures 2 to 10.

Figure 12 is a front elevation of the valve shown in Figure 11.

Figure 13 is a bottom plan view of the valve shown in Figure 11.

General arrangement In general, the present invention is concerned with a valve adapted for use with a control system for operating hydraulic-machines, such as a press, in which a pump is employed in connection with a multi-position valve, the valve itself being so shifted to apply the pressure fluid from the pump selectively to the main cylinder for a pressing stroke, to the pull-back cylinders for a return stroke, to by-pass the pump discharge while releasing the pressure from the main cylinder between the forward and return strokes, and to bypass the pump discharge and cause the press to be held at the top of its return stroke.

Hitherto, when four-way valves have been employed with a pump discharging in one direction, it has been found diflicult to control the release of the pressure from the large main cylinder during the operation of the valve. 1f the valve was opened quickly a recoil resulted, due to the sudden release of pressure from the main cylinder. On the other hand, if it was attempted to release the pressure slowly or release it through a restricted-opening, then a time interval occurred during which there wasno place for the discharge of the pump to go. The pump discharge was to bedirected into the pull-back cylinders, but could not return the press until after the pressure had dropped from the main cylinder. If this pressure drop occupied too long a time, a shock was set up in the pump and discharged into the pull-back cylinders without causing the platen to move.

The present invention includes a valve having an additional valve stem which is automatically held open by the pressure in the main cylinder so long as there is any pressure in this main cylinder, this additional valve stem providing a by-pass for the pump until all pressure has been released from themain cylinder; In this man-- ner there is provided a controlled release of pressure from the main cylinder at any desired speed,

and yet the pump discharge is automatically bypassed while the release of pressure inthe main cylinder takes place. After this main cylinder pressure is fully released, the by-pass auto-' matically closes and permits the pump discharge to flow into the pull-back cylinders and return the press. In this way there is provided a smooth release of pressure, and a smooth pick-up on the pull-back stroke.

The valve in the present invention is actuated by electrical means controlled by a switch associated with the pump control mechanism, thereby eliminating the necessity for separate pressure switches, or similar devices. The electrical circuit containing these devices is arranged so that the press may be operated in three different ways: Completely automatic operation, wherein the press automatically performs an indetermi- 'nate number of pressing and return strokes without halting at the end of the return stroke; semi-automatic operation, wherein the press is caused to execute a pressing and return stroke, and then halt at the end of the return stroke; and manual operation, wherein the operation of the press is controlled manually so that the operator controls the point at which the press platen will stop at the end of the pressing stroke and/or the return stroke.

Typical circuit in whichmalve is used Referring to the drawings in detail, Figure 1 shows a typical circuit in which the valve of the present invention may be used. In this circuit 31 of the pull-back cylinders 33 forming a part of the press to'p member 20 and mounted on l with a bore 48 arranged to receive a surge valveeither side of the main cylinder'portion 2|. The

.ports 40 beneath the pull-back pistons 38 open into the pipe line 4|, which serves to convey fluid thereto from the control valve 2, in a manner described below. Similarly, the upper ends of the pull-back cylinders 39 contain ports 42, from which the pipe lines 43 run to the ports 44 of the surge tank 45 to drain 01f leakage escaping past the pistons 33. Escape of fluid from the pull-back cylinders 39 is prevented by packings 43, compressed by glands 41 arranged around the piston rods 33.

- The head of the main cylinder 26 is provided 43, to which is attached the actuating pipe 50 running therefrom to a connection with the pull-' back cylinder'pipe line 4|. The surge valve 49 serves to permit the prefllling of the main cylinder bore 26 while themain plunger 21 is moving downward under the influence of gravity at the beginning of the forward stroke, and also serves to release fluid from the main cylinder bore 26 during the return stroke of the platen. The

fluid for this purpose is taken in from the surge tank 45 and returned thereto. The details of the surge valve .49 form no part of the present there is shown a press, generally designated I,

connected to the control valve of this invention, generally designated 2. The latter is hydraulically connected to and receives the discharge of a pump, generally designated 3. The pump 3 is provided with a pressure-responsive control device, generally designated 4, which by means of a hydraulic motor returns the flow-control element of the pump to a neutral position upon the attainment of a predetermined pressure, the amount of which may be regulated by, the adjusting mechanism, generally designated 5. An electrical circuit breaking device, generally designated 6, is associated with the pressure-responsive device 4 and actuated thereby to control the v energization of the electrical solenoidal motor, generally designated 1, employed for shifting the.

control valve 2 to its various positions. As hereinafter explained, the control valve 2 may be also shifted mechanically by devices associated with the press.

The press I, shown diagrammatically in Figure 1, is provided with a top member containing a main cylinder portion 2|, having a main cylinder bore 26 containing a main plunger 21. The

latter passes through a packing 23, compressed by a gland'29 by any suitable means, such as by the cap screws 30. This prevents leakage of fluid from the main cylinder bore 26 around the main plunger 21. To the lower end of the main plunger 21 is attached the platen 3|, which is reciprocably mounted in any conventional man-.

ner. The details of the lower part of the press, suchas the usual strain rods, bed plate, etc., have been omitted in order to simplify the showng.

The platen 3| in its central plane and at its outer extremities is provided with bores within which are secured pull-back piston rods 36. The piston rods 33 have pull-back pistons 33 mounted on the upper ends thereof and arranged to reciprocate withinthe pull-back cylinder bores invention, and a complete disclosure thereof will be found in United States patent to Walter Ernst, No. 1,892,568, issued December 27, 1932. A pair of check valves 5| in the pipes 43' prevent the return flow of fluid from the surge tank to the pull-back cylinder bores 31.

Reciprocably mounted in the frame of .the press, as by the lug 52 and similar lugs in the lower portion of the press frame (not shown), is a press control rod 53. The latter .passes through an aperture in a platen arm 54 extending outwardly from the platen 3| in such a manner as to engage an adjustable stop 55 on the control rod 53 so as to lift the latter upon its upward or return stroke. The control rod 53 may also be shifted manually by suitable hand levers in 'a conventional manner (not shown). Also mounted upon the control rod 53 is an ad- Justable collar 6| which is adapted to operate the lever of a 'limit switch to deenergize the solenoid 1 at a predetermined position on the return stroke of the platen 3| when the collar 55 and control rod 53 have been raised by engagement with the platen arm 54.

On the upper end of .the control rod 53 is a collar 83 arranged to engage the rounded ends 64 ofv the yoke-shaped end of a lever 65 which is pivotally mounted upon the shaft 66. The latter is mounted. upon the upper member 20 of the press. Pivotally connected to the opposite end of the lever 85 from the rounded ends 64 is a clevis 31, having a link 88 leading to a clevis 69 pivotally mounted upon the armature 10 of the solenoid 1. The latter is provided with an operating coil 1|, the energization of which is controlled in the manner described below.

Operatively connected to the lever and mounted to moveupon the same shaft 86-15 an arm 13. To the outer end of this arm 13 is pivotally attached a clevis 14 secured to a connecting rod 15, terminatingin a clevis 16. which pivotally engages the upper end of a lever 11. The

, latter is pivotally supported on the shaft 13 and of the control valve 2. The details of the control valve 2 are described below. Consequently, it

will be seen that when pump 3. The suction coupling 83 of the pump 3 is connected to the pipe line .84 running to the surge tank 45 at'the port 85. Leading from the connection 95 on the lower side of the control valve 2 is a pipe line 86, connected at its opposite end to the pull-back line H. Leading from the adjacent bottom connection 86 of the control valve 2 is a pipe line 81, terminating in the port 88 in the main cylinder bore 26. A connection 88 leads by way of the pipe line 88 to the surge tank 45 by way of the port 8I therein. Manually operated valves 92 and 93 serve to shut off the surge tank 45 from the pump 3 the event that it is desired to disconnect either of these elements from the press. The pump 3 is of the variable delivery type and is driven by any suitable means, such as by an electric motor, (not shown). The details of the pump and its control elements form no part of the present invention. The control of the pump is varied by means of the hand wheel II3, which engage a slidable sleeve II4 which moves into a casing I28 containing a coil spring (not shown). The coil spring resists the motion of the motive piston Within the casing I21 of the servomotor 4, the details of which likewise form no part of the present invention. A disclosure of the detail of the pump 3 with its servomotor 4 and its adjusting mechanism 5, together with the switch 6 operated by the servomotor 4, will be found in the copending application of Walter Ernst, Ser. No. 93,465, filed July 30, 1936.

Value construction and operation The control valve 2 consists of a casing I68 (Figures 2 to 13), provided with a pair of substantially parallel bore I6I and I62 (Figure 2). The opposite ends ofthe bore I6I are closed by the annular plugs I63, having the packings I64 for preventing the escape of fluid. The screws I58 serve to secure the plugs I63 to the casing I68 (Figure 1). Passing through the apertures I65 in the annular plugs I63 is a reversing valve rod I66, having threaded end I61. Mounted on one of these threaded ends I61 is a clevis I68, which pivotally engages, as at I69, a clevis I18 mounted on the end of the valve operating rod 88 (Figures 1 and 2).

a top of its stroke.

The valve bore I6I isprovided with a plurality of enlarged ducts I11, I18, I18, I88 and I8I. The duct I11 leads from the bore I6I to the choke bore I82, the latter receiving the choke screw I83,

threaded therein and arranged to partially close and valve 2 inthe connection the aperture I84 in the end thereof. The end cap I85 covers the end of the choke screw I83 and prevents it from being accidentally rotated. The aperture I84 opens into the exhaust duct I86, passing through the connection 89 by which the valve is supported upon the press head I I.

' The duct I8I also establishes communication between the valve bore IN and the choke bore I81. The latter is of similar construction to the choke bore I82 and receives a choke screw I88, threadedtherein and having a tapered end, partially closing the aperture I89, likewise leading into the exhaust duct I86. The choke screw I88 is similarly covered by an end cap I98 for a similar purpose to the end cap I85. The choke screws I83 and I88 are provided with drilled passages I8I and I82, respectively, these providing H drainage into the exhaust duct I86 from the annular chambers I83 and I94 surrounding the choke screws I83 and I88, and communicating by the drilled passages I85 and I96 with the opposite end of the valve bore I6I. Theouter end of the duct I8I communicates with The ducts I18 and I88 also establish intercommunication between the valve bores I6I and I62. The outer end of the valve bore I62 is closed by a threaded plug I81, giving access to the interior thereof.

Reciprocably mounted in the valve bore I62 is a by-pass valve rod I88,. having spaced heads I99 and 288 thereon. All enlargement 28I in the chamber 282 serves to limit the motion of the valve rod I98, and is urged to the left by the coil spring 283, whose opposite end rests against the inner wall of the spring cap 284. The latter is secured to the casing I68 by means of the screws 285. Fluid is permitted to enter the duct I19 in the valve bore I6I through the port 286 (Figure 8). The latter communicates with the upper connection 94, leading to the pressure pipe line 8| from the pump 3. The port 281 leads from the duct I18 to the lower left-hand connection 96, whence the pipe line 81 leads to the main cylinder 26. A third port 288 leads from the duct 188, within the valve bore I62, to the outer connection 85, from which the pipe line 86 runs to the pipe line 4| of the pull-back cylinder 39 (Figures 1 and 2).

In the operation of the control valve 2 the valve rods I66 and I88 may occupy any one of the five different positions shown in Figures 2 to 6, inclusive. The first position of the control valve 2 provides for the forward movement of the a press, and is shown in Figure 2. In this position the fluid from the pressure coupling 82 of the pump 3 passes along the pressure line 8I, through 84 and port 286, into the duct I19, thence through the passageway provided between the valve heads I13 and I12. into the duct I18,

thence through the port 281 and the connection 96, to and through the line 81 leading to the main cylinder 26 (Figures 1 and- 2) At the same time .the oil from the pull-back cylinders proceeds through the pipe lines 4| and 86 to the connection 85, thence through the port 288 into the duct I88, thence through the passageway between the valve heads I13 and I14, into the duct I8I, thence through the choked aperture I88, into the exhaust duct I86,'-thence through the pipe line 88, into the surge tank 45,- through the port 8| thereof (Figures 1 and 2).

The choke screw I88 permits the rapid traverse speed of the platen to be adjusted by varying the size of the annular passage through the aperture I89 into the exhaust duct I86.

the valve bore tionally permitted to pass outward through the duct I8I, as well as through the. duct I80.

When the desired pressure has'been exerted upon the workpiece, the valve rod I66 is moved to the right into the positionshown in Figure 4, either manually, by means of the hand lever or by the solenoid H, as energized by the openingof the normally closed switch 6 associated with v the pump 3. In thi position the pump discharge proceeds through the port 206 and into the duct I19, and thence through the annular passageway between the heads I12 and I13, into the duct I80, thence throughthe annular passageway between the heads I99 and 200 on the valve rod I98, into the duct I 8|, and thence outward. through the choked aperture I89, into the exhaust duct I88, returning to the surge tank by the line 90.

In this manner the discharge of the pump is diverted to the surge tank 45, and thus lay-passed while the pressure is discharging from the main cylinder 26.. The fluid from the main cylinder 26 proceeds through the port 88 and the line 81, through the connection 96 and the port 201, into the duct I18, and'thence through the annular passageway between the heads I12 and "I, into the duct I11, thence outward past the chocked aperture I84, into the exhaust duct I86, and thence to the surge tank 45 by way of the line 90. Thus the choke screw I83 may be adjusted so that a gradual and slow release of the pressure fluid from the main cylinder can take place, without any shock because the pump discharge is bypassed while this release is taking place. This provision gives a place for the flow of the pump to be diverted while the gradual release of the.

pressure in the. main cylinder takes place, for

otherwise pressure from the pump could not lift.

the platen 9| by means of the pull-back pistons 38 so long as there was pressure in the main cylinder 26. The piston valve arrangement on the valve rod I98, therefore, permits the pump to by-pass freely while the slow release of the pressure fluid in the main cylinder takes place, thereby avoiding the shock and water hammer occasioned by sudden releases of pressure.

While the pressure in the main cylinder is being released in this manner, the consequent drop in pressure permits the urge of the spring 203 to overcome the pressure remaining in the duct I18 and shifts the valve rod I98 and its valve heads I99 and 200 to the fourth position of the valve, as shown in Figure 5, thus shutting oil the bypassing arrangement of the pump. The pump now discharges from the port 206 of the valve 2,

into the duct I19, through the annular passageway between the valve' heads I12 and I13, and through the duct I80, into the port 208, thence through the connection 95 and pipe lines 86 and II to the pull-back cylinders 39. The pump now discharges into the pull-back cylinders 39 and starts the return stroke of the press. I

When the press platen reaches the end of its return stroke the platen arm 54 (Figure 1) raises the collar 66 on the control rod 63, pushes the control rod 63 upward and actuates the linkages rod I66 now occupy an intermediate position to those shown in Figures 2 and 4, respectively. In

this position the fluid from the pump entering the control valve 2 through the port 206 passes through the annular passageway to the right of the valve head I12, thence through the drilled passageways I15 in the valve head I12, thence into the duct I19, thence through the drilled passageways I16in the valve head I12, and .through the annular passageway to the left of the valve head I12, into the duct I11, thence outward through the choked passageway I84, into the discharge duct I86 and back to the surge tank by way of the pipe line 90.

The fluid in the pull-back cylinders 39 is imprisoned in this position by the valve head I13 'covering the entrance to the duct I80. .The

platen accordingly halts and remains .in a fixed position while the control valve 2 is in its flfth position (Figure 6). Should there be any tendency for the platen to coast downward the valve rod I66 will shift to the right, thus opening up a connection between the port 206 from the pump 3 and the duct I80 leading to the port 208, so that pressure fluid flows along the line 86 and the pull-back cylinders, returning the platen to its previous position. By the same action the bypass connection through the drilled passages I16 and I16 in the valve head I12 is closed. Consequently, the press platen is automatically returned to its top position whenever any tendency to trip downward is started.

The electrical system interconnecting the switch 6 with the solenoid 1 forms no part of the present invention, and a complete disclosure thereof will be found in the copending application of Walter Ernst, Ser. No. 34,652, 'flled August 5, 1935, now Patent No. 2,190,939.

It'will be understood that I desire to comprehend within my invention such modifications as come within the. scope of the claims and the invention.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure'by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a valve for regulating a hydraulic circuit including a main cylinder, a casing having fluid intake and exhaust ports and two machine-operating ports, and a pair of bores with interconnecting passageways; a reversing valve member in one bore movable into a plurality of-positions relatively to said ports including a machine-reversing position for directing fluid from said intake port to one of said operating ports while difrom said intake port to said exhaust port during the duration of said predetermined pressure.

connected therewith to shift the valve rod m to its fifth position, shown in Figure 6. The valve heads "I, I12, I19 and I19 on the valve 2. In a valve for regulating including a main cylinder, a intake and exhaust ports and ating ports, and a pair of bores with interconnecting passagewayspa, reversing valve member in one bore movable into a plurality of positions relatively to said ports including a machine-reversing position for directing fluid from said intake port to one of said operating ports while directing fluid from the other operating port to said exhaust port, a by-pass valve member in the other bore rendered operative in response to the casing having fluid a hydraulic circuit two machine-opersetting of said reversing valve member in said machine-reversing position and movable in response to theattainment of a predetermined main cylinder pressure for by-passing the fluid from said intake port to said exhaust port during the duration of said pre-determined pressure, and fluid flow-restricting means disposed between said by-pass valve member and said exhaust port.

3. In a valve for regulating a hydraulic circuit including a main cylinder, a casing having fluid intake and exhaust ports and two machine-operating ports, and a pair of bores with interconnecting passageways; a reversing valve member in one bore movable into a plurality of positions relatively to said ports including a machine-reversing position for directing fluid from said intake port to one of said operating ports while directing fluid from the other operating port to said exhaust port, a by-pass valve member in the other bore rendered operative in response to the setting of said reversing valve member in said machine-reversing position and movable in response to the attainment of a predetermined main cylinder pressure for by-passing the fluid from said intake port to said exhaust port during the duration of said predetermined pressure, fluid flow-restricting means disposed between said by-pass valve member and said exhaust port,

and means for adiustably varying the flow-restricting action of said flow-restricting means.

4. In a valve for regulating a hydraulic circuit including a main cylinder, a casing having fluid intake and exhaust ports and two machine-operating ports; and a pair of bores with interconnecting passageways; a reversing valve member in one bore movable into aplurality of positions relatively to said ports including a machine-reversing position for directing fluid from said intake port to one of said operating ports while directing fluid from the other operating port to said exhaust port, and a by-pass valve member in the other bore rendered operative in response to the setting of said reversing valve member in said machine-reversing position and movable in response to the attainment 01' a predetermined main cylinder pressure for by-p'assing the fluid from said intake port to said exhaust port during the duration of said predetermined pressure, said reversing valve member having spaced heads. one of said heads having fluid-conducting means therein for directing fluid from said intake port to said exhaust port in another position of said reversing valve member.

5. In a valve for regulating a hydraulic circuit including a main cylinde a casing having fluid intake and exhaust ports and two machine-operating ports. and a pair of bores with interconnecting passageways; a reversing valve member in one bore movable into a plurality of positions relatively to said ports including a machine-reversing position for directing fluid from said intake port to one of said operating ports while directing fluid from the other operating port to said exhaust port, and a by-pass valve member in the other bore rendered operative in response to the setting of said reversing valve member in said machine-reversing position and movable in response to the attainment of a predetermined main cylinder pressure for by-passing the fluid from said intake port to said exhaust port during the duration of said predetermined pressure, said reversing valve member having ,paced heads movable into an additional neutral position, one of said heads having fluid conduits therethrough and operative to, direct fluid from said intake port to said exhaust port while said heads occupy said neutral position.

6. In a valve for regulating a hydraulic circuit including a main cylinder, a casing having fluid intake and exhaust ports and two machineoperating ports, and a pair of bores with interconnecting passageways; a reversing valve member in one bore movable into a plurality of positions relatively to said ports including a machinereversing position for directing fluid from said intake port to one of said operating ports while directing fluid from the other operating port to said exhaust port, a by-pass valve member in the other bore rendered operative in response to the setting of said reversing valve member in said machine-reversing position and movable in response to the attainment of a predetermined main cylinder pressure for by-passing the fluid from said intake port to said exhaust port during the duration of said predetermined pressure, and fluid flow-restricting means disposed between said by-pass valve member and said exhaust port, said reversing valve member having spaced heads movable into an additional neutral position, one of said heads having fluid conduits therethrough and operative to direct fluid from said intake port to said exhaust port while said heads occupy said neutral position.

I. In a valve for regulating a hydraulic circuit including a main cylinder, a casing having fluid intake and exhaust ports and two machineoperating ports, and a pair 01' bores with interconnecting passageways; a reversing valve member in one bore having spaced heads movable into a plurality of positions relatively to said ports including a machine-reversing position for directing fluid from said intake port to one of said operating ports while directing fluid from the other operating port to said exhaust port, and a by-pass valve member in the other bore havin spaced heads rendered operative in response to the setting of said reversing valve member in said machine-reversing position and movable in response to "the attainment of a predetermined main cylinder pressure for by-passing the fluid from said intake port to said exhaust port during the duration of said predetermined pressure.

8. In a valve for regulating a hydraulic circuit including a main cylinder, a casing having fluid intake and exhaust ports and two machineoperating ports, and a pair of bores with intereonnectingpassageways; a reversing valve member in one bore having spaced heads movable into a plurality of positions relatively to said ports including a machine-reversing position for directing fluid from said intake port to one of said operating ports while directing fluid from the other operating port to said exhaust port, a by-pass valve member in the other bore having spaced heads rendered operative in response to the setting of said reversing valve member in said machine-reversing position and movable in response to the attainment oi. a predetermined main cylinder pressure for lay-passing the fluid from said intake port to said exhaust port during the duration of said predetermined pressure, and fluid flow-restricting means disposed between said by-pass valve member and said exhaust port.

WALTER ERNST. 

